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NASA spacecraft launched to mysterious and rare metal asteroid_我的网站

一 |     CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- NASA’s Psyche spacecraft rocketed away Friday on a six-year journey to a rare metal-covered asteroid.Most asteroids tend to be rocky or icy, and this is the first exploration of a metal world. Scientists believe it may be the battered remains of an early planet's core, and could shed light on the inaccessible centers of Earth and other rocky planets.SpaceX launched the spacecraft into an overcast midmorning sky from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. Named for the asteroid it’s chasing, Psyche should reach the huge, potato-shaped object in 2029.“It's so thrilling,” said Laurie Leshin, director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Added Arizona State University's Jim Bell, part of the Psyche team: “What a great ride so far.”An hour later, the spacecraft separated successfully from the rocket's upper stage and floated away, drawing applause from ground controllers.After decades of visiting faraway worlds of rock, ice and gas, NASA is psyched to pursue one coated in metal. Of the nine or so metal-rich asteroids discovered so far, Psyche is the biggest, orbiting the sun in the outer portion of the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter alongside millions of other space rocks. It was discovered in 1852 and named after Greek mythology’s captivating goddess of the soul.“It’s long been humans’ dream to go to the metal core of our Earth. I mean, ask Jules Verne,” lead scientist Lindy Elkins-Tanton of Arizona State University said ahead of the launch. “The pressure is too high. The temperature is too high. The technology is impossible,” she said. “But there’s one way in our solar system that we can look at a metal core and that is by going to this asteroid.”Astronomers know from radar and other observations that the asteroid is big — about 144 miles (232 kilometers) across at its widest and 173 miles (280 kilometers) long. They believe it’s brimming with iron, nickel and other metals, and quite possibly silicates, with a dull, predominantly gray surface likely covered with fine metal grains from cosmic impacts.Otherwise, it’s a speck of light in the night sky, full of mystery until the spacecraft reaches it after traveling more than 2 billion miles (3.6 billion kilometers).Scientists envision spiky metal craters, huge metal cliffs and metal-encrusted eroded lava flows greenish-yellow from sulfur — “almost certain to be completely wrong,” according to Elkins-Tanton. It's also possible that trace amounts of gold, silver, platinum or iridium — iron-loving elements — could be dissolved in the asteroid's iron and nickel, she said. “There's a very good chance that it’s going to be outside of our imaginings, and that is my fondest hope," she said.Believed to be a planetary building block from the solar system’s formation 4.5 billion years ago, the asteroid can help answer such fundamental questions as how did life arise on Earth and what makes our planet habitable, according to Elkins-Tanton.On Earth, the planet's iron core is responsible for the magnetic field that shields our atmosphere and enables life.Led by Arizona State University on NASA’s behalf, the $1.2 billion mission will use a roundabout route to get to the asteroid. The van-size spacecraft with solar panels big enough to fill a tennis court will swoop past Mars for a gravity boost in 2026. Three years later, it will reach the asteroid and attempt to go into orbit around it, circling as high as 440 miles (700 kilometers) and as close as 47 miles (75 kilometers) until at least 2031.The spacecraft relies on solar electric propulsion, using xenon gas-fed thrusters and their gentle blue-glowing pulses. An experimental communication system is also along for the ride, using lasers instead of radio waves in an attempt to expand the flow of data from deep space to Earth. NASA expects the test to yield more than 10 times the amount of data, enough to transmit videos from the moon or Mars one day.The spacecraft should have soared a year ago, but was held up by delays in flight software testing attributed to poor management and other issues. The revised schedule added extra travel time. So instead of arriving at the asteroid in 2026 as originally planned, the spacecraft won’t get there until 2029.That’s the same year that another NASA spacecraft — the one that just returned asteroid samples to the Utah desert — will arrive at a different space rock as it buzzes Earth.___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。    凌晨1点，夜色如墨。钱塘区义蓬街道南沙村村民赵伯良已起床，跨上那辆跟了自己十几年的三轮车，载着早已码得整整齐齐的蔬菜出了门。半小时后，他到了原义蓬第二初中操场。这里已是一片热闹，蔬菜批发商开始上货，等待第一批买家。还有像赵伯良这样自产自销的农户，多是夫妻档，摆到中午，二人分工轮转。三个月前，这里还是一片沉睡多年的闲置空地。“我们把这块地打造成了农户自产自销的集聚区，统一管理，很大程度上缓解了此前三十余年的‘野生早市’‘占道经营’等问题。”义蓬街道有关负责人说，在治理过程中，该区域慢慢形成了凌晨批发、白天零售的节奏，“近一个月，我们又推出了夜市，覆盖了傍晚到凌晨时间段。如今这里已成为钱塘江畔24小时都有烟火气的打卡地。”疏堵之间：从“流浪”到安家“以前我在路边摆摊卖菜，城管来了就躲……”赵伯良将三轮车停在操场指定区域，麻利卸货，一筐青茄、一筐丝瓜、一筐南瓜藤，“再过一两个小时，不少开餐馆的人来采购，到天亮，这批蔬菜基本能卖完。”赵伯良“打游击”的日子也是集市大部分农户曾经的经历。占道经营、交通拥堵、噪音扰民……农户们想就近把地里的菜换钱，居民们想睡个安稳觉、出门不堵车，双方的矛盾交织了有些年头。今年夏天，义蓬街道牵头，联合城管、交警、市场监管以及头蓬社区、南沙村，尝试将这片废弃操场改造成自产自销集聚区。赵伯良第一时间报了名，经过抽签、签协议，拥有了自己的固定摊位。

二 | “雨淋不到，太阳晒不到，还稳定，卖菜底气足了。”4点半，赵伯良妻子周容美骑着电动车赶到，后座篮子里装着刚从地里摘来的丝瓜，叶子上还挂着水珠，泥巴沾在瓜蒂上。她利落地码上摊位，补上之前卖空的缺口，然后再次回家补货。早上6点，集市已是人头攒动。周边居民挎着篮子、推着小车，在各个摊位前挑拣，烟火气蒸腾。“熬了一晚上，营业额差不多500元，挺满意。”赵伯良说，等妻子再次运货来时，自己就跟她换班回家休息。上午是交易高峰期。“以前都在路边买，虽然更近，但选择少。现在多走几步，摊位多，要啥都有，关键是解决了道路堵车的老大难问题。”住在附近的张女士说。中午入场可购买临时摊位票据，一张2元，最迟可摆到下午6点。

三 | 下午2点，村民张美娟在周容美边上支起摊子，打开腌菜坛子，沙地萝卜干的咸香味飘了出来。张美娟从前在头蓬菜市场有固定摊位，年纪大了吃不消，自己又闲不住，才选了临时摊位，时间自由。同样灵活的还有四川大哥古仕春——一家玻璃厂的职工，有空的时候就帮家里人来卖一会。“买票进场，有菜就卖，卖完就走。”古仕春说，家里种了些蔬菜，南瓜藤、蒲子、苋菜都是地里现摘的。“市场入口新增了停车区域，实现人车分流，还为农户们搭建了遮阳棚。”市场运营方负责人张帅说，第一步，让农户们愿意留下来摆摊，下一步，打造市场标识，聚拢烟火气。昼夜交替：从菜场到夜市下午4点，多数菜农已经撤退，只有零星几位老人在坚守，摇着扇子拉家常。此时，市场管理人员正一遍遍冲洗地面，空气中弥漫着蔬菜和泥土的气息。太阳逐渐西落，但这片操场的故事远没有结束。傍晚6点，近80辆移动餐车陆续入场，灯牌一一亮起。白天的菜摊被餐车取代，烤生蚝的蒜香、铁板鱿鱼的焦香、柠檬茶的清甜、炸串的油香……天南海北的味道交织升腾，操场再次热闹起来。最出圈的是“董椰椰·海南清补凉”。“95后”董琳亚手速飞快——舀椰奶、加配料、封盖、递给客人。

四 | 摊位前一直有人排着队，年轻人举着手机打卡拍照。“第一天卖了50杯，现在一天能卖近300杯。”董琳亚此前特意去海南学艺，用地道的口味换来了人气。张帅介绍，80余个摊位，租金每月1000到1500元，摇号定位置，95%的摊主来自义蓬本地及周边。

五 | 晚上7点至9点是夜市最热闹的时候，平日流量超千人，周末可达3000人次。“周边商业配套选择不是特别多，没想到这个夜市蛮好逛的，小吃种类很丰富。”住在附近的小沈说，不少人喜欢来这遛娃，给孩子解解馋。夜市开市一个月，摊位月均营收超2万元，头部摊位月营收突破5万元。背后是治理逻辑的转换——夜市明确40%摊位优先面向本地“三小一摊”，把零散街头巷尾的小餐饮引导到这里集中经营，同时引入第三方团队专业运营。

六 | “没想到才一个月时间，就把这个夜市做‘火’了，吸引不少自媒体博主来打卡，未来可以打造头蓬的集市IP。”义蓬街道相关负责人说。凌晨1点，最后一拨顾客散去，餐车灯牌依次熄灭，操场再次安静。但再过一会，赵伯良的车灯又会在乡间小路上亮起。每一天，一拨拨人在这片操场上完成接力，为快速城市化下的基层治理打开了一种新的思考——城市不断向外生长，治理更需要向内深耕。

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